Kyai Haji
Abdurrahman Wahid, known as Gus Dur was born in Jombang, East Java, on 7
September 1940 from the couple Wahid Hasyim and Solichah. He was born
with the name Abdurrahman Addakhil or "the Conqueror", and then more
fondly known as Gus Dur. Gus Dur is the first son of six children from a
very respectable family in the Muslim community of East Java.
Grandfather of his father is K.H Asyari Hashim, the founder of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), while his maternal grandfather,
KH Bisri Syansuri, is the first boarding school teacher who teaches a class on women. Gus Dur's father, K.H. Wahid Hasyim, was involved in the nationalist movement and became Minister of Religious Affairs in 1949. His mother, Mrs. Hj. Sholehah, is the daughter of the founder of Pondok Pesantren in Jombang Denanyar. In addition to Gus Dur, his brother Gus Dur is also a figure of national leaders At the time of his father diangkan became Minister of Religion, Gus Dur join move to Jakarta and went to primary school before moving to SD KRIS Matraman Perwari. His education continued in 1954 at Junior High School and not the next grade, but not because of intellectual problems. His mother then sent to Yogyakarta to continue their education. In 1957, after graduating from junior high school, he moved to Magelang to study at boarding school Tegalrejo. He developed a reputation as a gifted pupil, graduated from boarding school within two years (should be four years). In 1959, Gus Dur Tambakberas moved to boarding school in Jombang and get his first job as a teacher and head of the madrassa. Gus Dur is also a journalist and magazine Horizon Culture Jaya. In 1963, Wahid received a scholarship from the Ministry of Religious Affairs to study at Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt, but did not finish due to the criticality of his mind. Gus Dur and then studied at the University of Baghdad. Although initially neglected, Gus Dur can finish his education at the University of Baghdad in 1970. He went to Holland to continue his education, to study at the University of Leiden, but disappointed that his education in Baghdad under-recognized here. Gus Dur and then went to Germany and France before returning to Indonesia in 1971. Abdurrahman returned to Jakarta and joined the Institute for Research, Education and Economic and Social Affairs (LP3ES), an organization which consists of a progressive Muslim intellectuals and social democrats. In January 1998, Gus Dur was attacked stroke and was rescued by a team of doctors. However, as a result of health condition and the vision the President to-4 is deteriorating. In addition to its stroke, his health problems allegedly caused by hereditary factors also caused a close blood relationship between her parents. In the early 1980s, Gus Dur plunge care of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) after three times ditawarin by his grandfather. In recent years, Gus Dur NU managed to reform the body so as to make his name more and more popular among NU. At the National Congress of 1984, Gus Dur was asked as Chairman of the NU. During his first term, Gus Dur focus in reforming the educational system succeeded in improving the quality of schools and boarding school education system so that it can compete with secular schools. And finally on December 30, 2009, Gus Dur died of illness complications and was buried in Jombang, East Java. Congratulations Gus Way, may appear Gus Gus Dur Dur-bari capable of thrilling the world
Career
- In Egypt, when he was working at the Indonesian Embassy, the 30 September Movement, a coup led by Communist Party of Indonesia, happened and Wahid was charged with writing the reports. EDIT
- He transferred to the University of Baghdad and moved to Iraq, but continued associating with the Association of Indonesian Students and writing articles for Indonesian readers. He returned to Indonesia in 1971.
- He joined the Institute for Economic and Social Research, Education and Information (LP3ES), whose members were progressive Muslim intellectuals, and as an important contributor to its magazine Prisma, toured the pesantren and madrasahs across Java.
- In 1977, he became the Dean of the Faculty of Islamic Beliefs and Practices at the Hasyim Asyari University, and served well in that capacity. He also delivered speeches to the Jombang Muslim community.
- He joined the Nahdlatul Ulama’s (NU) Religious Advisory Council. Before the 1982 Legislative Elections, he campaigned for the United Development Party (PPP), formed by the union of four Islamist parties including NU.
- In 1983, the NU agreed with President Suharto on the implementation of Pancasila as the basic ideology for all organizations. The NU decided to focus on social issues, by withdrawing the NU from politics.
- In1984, he was elected Chairman of NU, and sought changes in the pesantren education system so that it could compete with secular schools. He became close to Suharto as his Pancasila indoctrinator.
- He continued as Chairman of NU for two more terms. He refused to join the Reform Committee proposed by Suharto who resigned as President of Indonesia in 1998, amidst growing discontent and student protests.
- He supported the formation of PKB, a new political party, and became the Chairman of its Advisory Council in 1998. He also became their presidential candidate for the forthcoming elections.
- In 1999, the People's Consultative Assembly of the Republic of Indonesia (MPR) elected him Indonesia's fourth president defeating Megawati. He convinced a disheartened Megawati to stand for vice-presidential election, which she won.
- As president, he won the hearts of the Chinese minority by declaring the Chinese New Year an optional holiday, lifting curbs on the use of Chinese characters and giving official religion status to Kongfucu.
- In 2000, he faced two scandals – the Buloggate related to the disappearance of $ 4 million from the inventory of Bulog (state logistics agency), and the Bruneigate, of embezzling $ 2 million donated by the Sultan of Brunei.
- During his presidency, he visited the ASEAN countries, Israel, Japan, Kuwait, Jordan, China, Saudi Arabia, India, South Korea, Thailand, Brunei, Pakistan, Egypt, the United States, and many European countries.
- His relations with TNI, the country’s armed force, deteriorated over his efforts to reduce military dominance in politics. He also did not like the fact that they were arming Laskar Jihad in Maluku.
- Indonesia seemed headed for anarchy as the country faced terrorist attacks, and the cabinet members became openly diffident. The MPR impeached him, and Megawati became President in 2002.
- He formed a political coalition called United Awakened Archipelago in 2005, and criticized the Yudhoyono Government. He was also involved in the activities of the nonprofit organization, The Wahid Institute, founded by him.
Major Works
- Wahid’s National Unity Cabinet, in 1999, abolished the Ministry of Information, which controlled the media during the Suharto regime. He also dismantled the corrupt Ministry of Welfare for extorting money from the poor.
- Faced with separatist movements, he offered East Timor autonomy, instead of independence. He held peace talks with the Free Aceh Movement’s commander Abdullah Syafii and achieved a ‘humanitarian pause’ in 1999.
- In 1993, Abdurrahman Wahid received the prestigious Magsaysay Award for his efforts to promote inter-religious relations in Indonesia within a democratic society. The award is referred to as ‘Asia's Nobel Prize’.
- In 2003, he received the Friends of the United Nations Global Tolerance award for promoting the principles of the United Nations, and the Appeal of Conscience Foundation Award, four years later.
- He was conferred honorary doctorates by the Netanya University (Israel), Konkuk and Sun Moon universities (South Korea), Soka Gakkai University (Japan), Thammasat University (Thailand), Pantheon Sorborne University (France), and many other universities around the world.
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